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1.
Rev. biol. trop ; 71(1): e52779, dic. 2023. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-1550733

RESUMO

Resumen Introducción: Las ciénagas hacen parte de la llanura de inundación de un río y son influenciadas por el pulso de inundación, fuerza que modula los cambios anuales en las variables bióticas y abióticas. Los ensambles biológicos tienen diferentes respuestas a este pulso y podrían presentar cambios en la composición y abundancia. Objetivo: Evaluar cómo se modifican las condiciones físico-químicas en los microambientes de vegetación flotante y el ensamble de ostrácodos a lo largo de un pulso de inundación en la Ciénaga Río Viejo, Santander, Colombia. Métodos: Se caracterizaron las variables físico-químicas de los microambientes de plantas acuáticas flotantes durante las cuatro fases hidrológicas del pulso de inundación: aguas bajas, altas, ascenso y descenso, en tres estaciones donde el pulso tuvo mayor efecto. Ostrácodos dulceacuícolas fueron recolectados de estos microambientes, identificados y contados. Resultados: Las condiciones ambientales dentro de los microhábitats fluctuaron siguiendo el pulso de inundación en el sistema. Se encontraron tres familias taxonómicas y seis especies de ostrácodos. No hubo diferencias en la composición y abundancia del ensamble de ostrácodos en el espacio y el tiempo, lo que sugiere que están protegidas contra los cambios ambientales causados por las fluctuaciones hidrológicas. La abundancia de especies cambió en respuesta a la variabilidad ambiental. Strandesia cf. sphaeroidea y Keysercypria sp. 2 están asociadas con aguas más someras y con mayor cobertura de vegetación acuática densa. Otras especies mostraron ser tolerantes a fluctuaciones hidrológicas y pueden estar relacionadas con la plasticidad ecológica, como Cytheridella ilosvayi, Diaphanocypris meridana y Stenocypris major, que han sido registradas en una variedad de ambientes acuáticos y con distribuciones a escala continental. Conclusiones: Los pulsos de inundación indujeron cambios ambientales en la Ciénaga de Río Viejo, pero los microhábitats con cobertura de vegetación flotante parecen estar protegidos contra el pulso hidrológico, permitiendo así que las comunidades de ostrácodos permanezcan casi sin alteraciones durante un pulso de inundación. Este conjunto de datos actualizado de agua dulce tropical contribuye a llenar los vacíos de conocimiento relacionados con la idoneidad del hábitat y la distribución de las comunidades de ostrácodos en Colombia.


Abstract Introduction: Swamps are lowland shallow tropical lakes in rivers floodplains, characterized by annual flood pulses that modulate changes in biotic and abiotic variables. Biological assemblages have different responses to flood pulses, remaining either undisturbed or with significant changes in composition and abundance. Objective: To evaluate how physical and chemical conditions are modified in mixed macrophytes microenvironments and ostracod species assemblages throughout a flood pulse in Rio Viejo swamp, Santander, Colombia. Methods: We characterized physical and chemical variables of microenvironments of aquatic floating plants, during four different hydrologic periods of the flood pulse: low, high, rising, and descending waters, at three stations where the flood pulse have the most important effect. Freshwater ostracods were collected from such microenvironments, identified, and counted. Results: Environmental conditions within microhabitats fluctuated following the flood pulse in the system. Three taxonomic families and six species of ostracods were observed. No differences in the composition and abundance of the spatio-temporal ostracod assemblages were observed, suggesting that they are buffered against environmental changes driven by hydrological fluctuations. Species abundance changed in response to environmental variability. Species such as Keysercypria sp. and Keysercypria sp. 2 are associated to shallower waters and more likely to dense aquatic vegetation cover. Other species showed to be more tolerant to hydrological fluctuations and may be related to ecological plasticity, species such as Cytheridella ilosvayi, Diaphanocypris meridana and Stenocypris major that have been recorded in a variety of aquatic environments and with distributions at continental scale. Conclusions: Flood pulses induced environmental changes in Rio Viejo Swamp, but microhabitats in mixed macrophyte cover seems to be buffered against the hydrological pulse, thus allowing almost undisturbed ostracod assemblages throughout a flood pulse. This updated tropical freshwater dataset contributes towards filling the knowledge gaps related to habitat suitability and distribution of ostracods communities in Colombia.


Assuntos
Animais , Crustáceos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Áreas Alagadas , Colômbia , Inundações
2.
Int. braz. j. urol ; 42(2): 188-198, Mar.-Apr. 2016. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-782846

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Abstract: Overactive bladder syndrome is one of the lower urinary tract dysfunctions with the highest number of scientific publications over the past two decades. This shows the growing interest in better understanding this syndrome, which gathers symptoms of urinary urgency and increased daytime and nighttime voiding frequency, with or without urinary incontinence and results in a negative impact on the quality of life of approximately one out of six individuals – including both genders and almost all age groups. The possibility of establishing the diagnosis just from clinical data made patients' access to specialized care easier. Physiotherapy resources have been incorporated into the urological daily practice. A number of more selective antimuscarinic drugs with consequent lower adverse event rates were released. Recently, a new class of oral drugs, beta-adrenergic agonists has become part of the armamentarium for Overactive Bladder. Botulinum toxin injections in the bladder and sacral neuromodulation are routine modalities of treatment for refractory cases. During the 1st Latin-American Consultation on Overactive Bladder, a comprehensive review of the literature related to the evolution of the concept, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management was conducted. This text corresponds to the first part of the review Overactive Bladder 18-years.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Bexiga Urinária Hiperativa/diagnóstico , Bexiga Urinária Hiperativa/terapia , Qualidade de Vida , Fatores de Tempo , Fatores Sexuais , Prevalência , Gerenciamento Clínico , Bexiga Urinária Hiperativa/epidemiologia
3.
Int. braz. j. urol ; 42(2): 199-214, Mar.-Apr. 2016. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-782871

RESUMO

ABSTRACT Traditionally, the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome has been based on the use of oral medications with the purpose of reestablishing the detrusor stability. The recent better understanding of the urothelial physiology fostered conceptual changes, and the oral anticholinergics – pillars of the overactive bladder pharmacotherapy – started to be not only recognized for their properties of inhibiting the detrusor contractile activity, but also their action on the bladder afference, and therefore, on the reduction of the symptoms that constitute the syndrome. Beta-adrenergic agonists, which were recently added to the list of drugs for the treatment of overactive bladder, still wait for a definitive positioning – as either a second-line therapy or an adjuvant to oral anticholinergics. Conservative treatment failure, whether due to unsatisfactory results or the presence of adverse side effects, define it as refractory overactive bladder. In this context, the intravesical injection of botulinum toxin type A emerged as an effective option for the existing gap between the primary measures and more complex procedures such as bladder augmentation. Sacral neuromodulation, described three decades ago, had its indication reinforced in this overactive bladder era. Likewise, the electric stimulation of the tibial nerve is now a minimally invasive alternative to treat those with refractory overactive bladder. The results of the systematic literature review on the oral pharmacological treatment and the treatment of refractory overactive bladder gave rise to this second part of the review article Overactive Bladder – 18 years, prepared during the 1st Latin-American Consultation on Overactive Bladder.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Bexiga Urinária Hiperativa/terapia , Fatores de Tempo , Toxinas Botulínicas/uso terapêutico , Estimulação Elétrica Nervosa Transcutânea/métodos , Administração Oral , Resultado do Tratamento , Antagonistas Muscarínicos/uso terapêutico , Agonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 3/uso terapêutico
4.
Rev. guatem. cardiol. (Impresa) ; 24(1): 12-14, ene.-jun. 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-869904

RESUMO

Introducción: Los niveles elevados de glicemia materna generan un incremento en el metabolismo ycrecimiento de las estructuras cardiacas fetales. Por lo que un adecuado control metabólico de la madre sepuede relacionar con el crecimineto del ventrículo izquierdo. Objetivos: Evaluar la frecuencia demiocardiopatia hipertrófica en fetos de madres con diabetes durante el embarazo, a través deecocardiograma fetal. Correlacionar la presencia de miocardiopatia hipertrófica con el grado de controlmetabólico materno. Determinar si existe relación entre los niveles de hemoglobina glucosilada materna y/olos niveles de glucosa preprandial con la presencia de hipetrofia septal. Resultados: 44% de pacientes condiabetes mostraron hipertrofia septal, siendo estos casos con niveles de hemoglobina glicosilada elevados.Miocardiopatía hipertrófica septal se encontró en 89% de pacientes con diabetes gestacional, 5% enpacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo II, 5% en pacientes con intolerancia a los carbohidratos y no seobservaron casos en los pacientes con diabetes tipo I; No se encontró cambios en la frecuencia cardiacafetal, ni arritmias en los fetos hijos de madre diabética similar a lo observado en los controles. Conclusión:Hemoglobina glicosilada de 6% - 8% se correlacionaron con mayor riesgo de miocardiopatía hipertróficaseptal. Ecocardiograma fetal es adecuado para diagnóstico prenatal.


Background: Elevated levels of maternal glucose generate an increase, in the metabolism and growth of fetalcardiac structures. An adequate metabolic control of the mother may be related to growth of the left ventricle.Objectives: Evaluate the frequency of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in fetuses of mothers with diabetesduring pregnancy, through fetal echocardiography. Correlate the presence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathywith the degree of maternal metabolic control. To determine the correlation between maternal glycatedhemoglobin levels and / or preprandial glucose levels with the presence of septal hypertrophy. Results: 44%of patients with diabetes show septal hypertrophy, and these cases at high levels of glycated hemoglobin.Septal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was found in 89% of patients with gestational diabetes, 5% in patientswith diabetes mellitus type II, 5% in patients with carbohydrate intolerance and no cases were observed inpatients with type I diabetes; No changes were found in the fetal heart rate or fetal arrhythmias in children ofdiabetic mother similar to that observed in controls. Conclusion: Glycated hemoglobin between 6% - 8%,was correlated with increased risk of septal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Fetal echocardiogram is suitable forprenatal diagnosis.


Assuntos
Humanos , Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica/sangue , Diabetes Gestacional/diagnóstico , Diabetes Gestacional/mortalidade , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise
5.
Rev. biol. trop ; 62(1): 29-46, ene.-mar. 2014. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-715412

RESUMO

Limnocytherina is a genus conformed by 12 species; its distribution in the American continent is known to be exclusively on the North (neartics), but little is reported about its distribution from Mexico (transition zone) and Central America (Neotropics). Different sampling campaigns were undertaken in three crater lakes from the Axalapascos region in east-central Mexico, during 2008, 2009 and 2011. As a product of these campaings, the new species of Limnocytherina axalapasco was found, which displays some intraspecific variability among populations. In this study, we described the taxonomy, the habitat, the ecological preferences and the larval development of this new species. A total of 10 sediment samples (8 littoral, 2 deepest point) were collected from lakes Alchichica, La Preciosa and Quechulac. We found that L. axalapasco is closely related to two North American species: L. posterolimba and L. itasca as well as one Central American species L. royi comb. nov. With the inclusion of L. axalapasco and L. royi to the genus, the distribution of Limnocytherina is extended to Central America. The four most important distinguishing characters of this new species are: 1) valve surface and margins covered with small, spine-like projections; 2) most of the A1 setae with a highly developed setule at distal part, producing a bifurcate appearance; 3) the upper ramus on the hemipenis is elongated, and by far overpasses dorsal/distal margins, distal lobe is triangular and short, while the hook-like process is prominent, outward orientated, and overpassing the tip of the distal lobe; 4) the UR is moderately developed with seta f3 elongated and setae f1 and f2 short. Considering its ecological characteristics and larval development, L. axalapasco was preferably found in alkaline waters dominated by Cl- or HCO3- and Na+ or Mg2+, temperatures ranging between 19.1 to 20.3°C, and dissolved oxygen concentrations from 5 to 6.5mg/L. This species was abundant in deeper (~64m) areas of the saline Alchichica lake, where surface water displayed conductivity values of up to 2 250μS/cm, and the sand with low percentage of silt resulted the preferred substrate. Along with the description of L. axalapasco, we provide additional information on the hemipenis of L. itasca, L. royi and L. sanctipatricii, and we discuss on the Limnocytherina-type of hemipenis.


Limnocytherina es un género conformado por 12 especies; su distribución en el continente Americano se conoce exclusivamente en el norte (zona neártica), pero se sabe poco de su distribución en México (zona de transición) y Centro América (zona neotropical). Luego de diferentes campañas de muestreo en tres lagos cráter de la región de los Axalapascos en la zona centroeste de México, durante 2008, 2009 y 2011, se encontró a Limnocytherina axalapasco, una nueva especie, que mostró variabilidad intraespecífica entre poblaciones. Un total de 10 muestras de sedimentos (8 del litoral, 2 del punto más profundo) fueron recolectadas de los lagos Alchichica, La Preciosa y Quechulac. L. axalapasco esta estrechamente relacionada con dos especies norteamericanas: L. posterolimba y L. itasca, así como con una especie centroamericana Limnocytherina royi comb. nov. Con la inclusión de L. axalapasco y L. royi al género, la distribución de Limnocytherina se extiende hasta Centro América. Los cuatro caracteres distintivos más importantes de esta nueva especie son: 1) superficie y márgenes de valvas cubiertos por pequeñas proyecciones parecidas a espinas; 2) La mayoría de las setas de A1 tienen una setula muy desarrollada en la zona distal, con apariencia de estar bifurcadas; 3) El ramo superior del hemipene es alargado y por mucho sobrepasa los márgenes dorsal/distal; el lóbulo distal es corto y triangular, mientras que el proceso prensil es prominente, orientado externamente y sobrepasa la longitud del lóbulo distal; 4) el UR esta moderadamente desarrollado con la seta f3 alargada y las setas f1 y f2 cortas. Para esta especie se describe también su hábitat, preferencias ecológicas y desarrollo larvario. L. axalapasco prefiere aguas alcalinas dominadas por Cl- o HCO3 - y Na+ o Mg2+, temperaturas entre 19.1 a 20.3°C y concentraciones de oxígeno disuelto de 5 a 6.5 mg/L. Esta especie es más abundante en las zonas profundas (~64m) del lago salino Alchichica, donde la conductividad del agua es de hasta 2 250μS/cm. Arenas con bajos porcentajes de limo parecen ser el sustrato preferido. Aunado a la descripción de L. axalapasco, proveemos información adicional para los hemipenes de L. itasca, L. royi y L. sanctipatricii, y discutimos el tipo de hemipene en Limnocytherina.


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Crustáceos/anatomia & histologia , Crustáceos/classificação , Ecossistema , Crustáceos/fisiologia , Lagos , México
6.
Rev. biol. trop ; 52(supl.1): 27-34, sept. 2004. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-450537

RESUMO

Hace 25 años la UNAM desarrolló un programa de observación y muestreo de mareas rojas en la Bahía de Mazatlán (1979-2003), con el propósito de conocer su evolución a través del tiempo. Se apoyó en observaciones diarias de las decoloraciones (manchas) y los resultados indican cinco tendencias: I) Años sin días de manchas, los cuales están asociados al fenómeno de El Niño; II) Años de días con manchas súbitas; III) Años con un número similar de días de manchas; IV) Años con una disminución progresiva de los días de manchas; V) Años con un aumento gradual de manchas. El promedio anual es de 25.3 días de decoloraciones. En el año 2000 hubo 96 días de decoloraciones y representa el más alto en los 25 años de registros. En marzo es donde existen mas frecuentemente las manchas de mareas rojas (174 días) incluyendo las tóxicas. Estas tendencias nos indican un comportamiento continuo de la máxima concentración de las microalgas y por lo tanto desempeñan un papel muy importante para conocer el deterioro ambiental que sufren las zonas costeras por aumento de microalgas nocivas y tóxicas


In order to verify whether harmful algal blooms increased since 1979, a long-term project for the study of harmful algal blooms in Mazatlán Bay began 25 years ago (1979-2003). Observations were done daily and results indicate five trend types: I) years without discoloration related to El Niño events; II) years with days of sudden occurrence of discoloration, related to the release of accumulated energy after El Niño events; III) years with similar number of discoloration events (days); IV) years with a progressive decrease of the occurrence (days) of discoloration events; V) years with gradual increase of discoloration events. The annual mean average of discoloration is of 25.3 days. Ninety-six discoloration events were recorded during year 2000, and represent the highest number of events in the last 25 years. Discoloration events are more common in March (174 days), harmful and toxic blooms included. This indicates continuity in the occurrence of the highest content of microalgae, and therefore, it is concluded that they play an important role for a better understanding of the environmental deterioration undergone by the coastal zone due to an increase of harmful and toxic microalgae blooms


Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Cor , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Eutrofização/fisiologia , Calefação , Fitoplâncton/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Dinoflagellida/fisiologia , Ecossistema , Toxinas Marinhas/análise , México/epidemiologia , Oceano Pacífico , Dinâmica Populacional
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